Riau Province occupies the central part of eastern region on Sumatera Island, including archipelagic area,
which straddles between the Straits of Malacca, South China Sea and Straits of Berhala. The Province is a
strategic region as it directly faces Straits of Malacca and Singapore, one of the busiest shipping lanes
in the world.Geographically Riau Province lies on 445' North Altitude up to 115' South Longitude or 10003' up to 10919' Greenwich and 650' up to 145' West Longitude Jakarta, with natural borders as follows:
| To the North | : | North Sumatera Province,Straits of Malacca, Straits of Singapore, Vietnam and Cambodia. |
| To the South | : | Jambi Province and Straits of Berhala |
| To the West | : | West Sumatera Province and North Sumatera Province. |
| To the East | : | South China Sea, Eastern Malaysia and West Kalimantan Province. |
The territorial size of Riau Province is 329,867,61 Km2 consisting of land area 94,561,61 Km2 and water area 235,306,00 Km2. If the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) taken into account, the size totals to 379,000 Km2 including 3,214 islands big and small.

Riau Province is administratively divided into 12 Regencies and 3 Mayoralties, with Pekanbaru as the capital city.